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Exploratory survey conducted during the last decade (2010-2019) by the longliners of Fishery Survey of India within Indian EEZ was analysed and briefly presented about the distribution and biology of bill fishes with emphasis on Sword fish Xiphias gladius. The long line survey throughout the Indian EEZ during the period under report revealed Istiophorus platyperus dominated the catches by 49% followed by Xiphias gladius (45%), whereas Makaira nigricans was 6% of the total bill fish abundance in west coast of India. However, 66% of total X. gladius catch was recorded from west coast of India, followed by Andaman waters (26%) and remaining from East coast of India (8%). The abundance of Xiphias gladiusshowed a declining trend from the year 2010 to 2019in generalin Andaman sea,but X. gladius was dominated among the bill fish catches in Andaman sea by 54.6%. The lengthrange of X.gladius occurred in Indian seas was between 59cm and 324cm (including commercial landing data), the length weight relationship was 0.000002 L 3.12 during the period under report. The growth parameters estimated for Xiphias gladius, where, the asymptotic length (L∞) was340 cm (LJFL), growth coefficient (K) was 0.03/yr. Gut content studies during the past decade revealed that X. gladius following heterogeneous feeding strategy in the tropical waters of Indian EEZ, wherein the squids dominated among the food items observed in west coast and Andaman waters, but in East coast species of the family exocoetidae conquered most frequent observations. Month wise sex ratio of X. gladius during the period 2017-18 from the west coast revealed that, comparatively higher female occurred during June to August.
